Plain-language reference

Crypto Glossary

Blockchain

A shared ledger maintained by a network of participants.

Cold wallet

A wallet whose signing keys are kept offline or isolated from everyday internet-connected devices.

Consensus

The process a distributed network uses to agree on valid state.

Gas

A unit used to meter computation or transaction resources on some networks.

Private key

A secret cryptographic value used to authorize transactions.

Seed phrase

A human-readable backup used to recover certain wallets.

Smart contract

Program code deployed to a blockchain that executes according to defined rules.

Staking

Locking or delegating assets in some proof-of-stake systems to help secure the network.

Validator

A participant that proposes or attests to blocks on proof-of-stake networks.

Wallet

Software or hardware used to manage cryptographic keys and interact with networks.